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SSN-21 Seawolf-class

The Seawolf features a strengthened sail, designed to permit operations under the polar ice cap for taking the fight to the Soviets in their own front yard. It sports an eight-tube, double-deck torpedo room to simultaneously engage multiple threats. It incorporates the latest in quieting technology to keep pace with the threat then posed by an aggressive Soviet Union.

The Seawolf has the highest tactical speed of any US submarine. Much much of the design effort was focused on noise reduction, and it is expected that the fully coated boat will restore the level of acoustic advantage which the US Navy enjoyed for the last three decades. The Seawolf's propulsion system makes it ten times more quiet over its full range of operating speeds than the Improved-688 class and 70 times more quiet than the initial generation of Los Angeles 688-class submarines. The Seawolf's quieter propulsion system will also enable it to have twice the tactical speed as the I-688. Tactical speed is the speed at which a submarine is still quiet enough to remain undetected while tracking enemy submarines effectively. Overall, the Seawolf's propulsion system represents a 75-percent improvement over the I-688's -- the Seawolf can operate 75 percent faster before being detected. It is said that SEAWOLF is quieter at its tactical speed of 25 knots than a LOS ANGELES-class submarine at pierside.

With twice as many torpedo tubes and a 30% increase in weapons magazine size over the Los Angeles (SSN 688)-class submarines, Seawolf is capable of establishing and maintaining battlespace dominance. Seawolf's inherent stealth enables surreptitious insertion of combat swimmers into denied areas. SSN 23 will incorporate special-operations force capabilities, including a dry deck shelter (DDS) and a new, specially designed combat swimmer silo. The DDS is an air-transportable device that piggy-backs on the submarine and can be used to store and launch a swimmer delivery vehicle and combat swimmers. The silo is an internal lock-out chamber that will deploy up to eight combat swimmers and their equipment at one time.

Construction of the submarine has relied on a new welding material to join the steel into plates, hull subsections and large cylindrical sections. The Seawolf is the first American attack submarine to use a hull made entirely of high-pressure HY-100 steel -- previous sumarines used HY80 steel. HY-100 steel was first used in submarines in the early 1960s in the Navy's deep-diving SEA CLIFF and TURTLE,, which were capable of reaching depths in excess of 10,000 feet. More recently, the Moray, an advanced conventional submarine designed by the Dutch shipyard R.D.M. (Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij B.V), incorporated HY-100 steel to achieve an operational diving depth of 300 meters, and an incidental diving depth of 360 meters.

Seawolf was projected to be the most expensive ever built, with a total program cost for 12 submarines estimated in 1991 at $33.6 billion in current dollars. As many as 29 submarines were planned. The Navy's plans for Seawolf would have resulted in spending 25 percent of the Navy's shipbuilding budget on a ship that was designed for threats that vanished with the end of the Cold War. In the 1992 State of the Union address, President Bush [and Defense Secretary Dick Cheney] proposed the rescission of $2,765,900,000 previously appropriated for the procurement of the second and third Seawolfs. Two Seawolf Class submarines were authorized by Congress, which in 1995 agreed to terminate the program at three boats. President Clinton endorsed the construction of SSN-23 as the most cost- effective method of retaining the vitality of the submarine industrial base while bridging the gap to the future New Attack Submarine. The Fiscal Year 1998 $153.4 million budget request was the final increment of funding required for the third SEAWOLF to complete the program. The program continues to be managed within the Congressionally mandated cost cap.

On 10 December 1999 Electric Boat was awarded an $887,113,628 modification to previously awarded contract N00024-96-C-2108 for new efforts on USS JIMMY CARTER (SSN 23) to accommodate advanced technology for naval special warfare, tactical surveillance, and mine warfare operations. Work will be performed in Groton, Conn. (73%); Quonset Point, R.I.. (21%); and Newport News, Va. (6%), and is expected to be completed by June 2004.

Sources and Resources

• USS Seawolf Official Homepage
• Seawolf @ CHINFO
• RUN SILENT, RUN DEEP Popular Mechanics JANUARY 98 [has a nice interior diagram]

• 0604561N SSN 21 Development FY98 R&D Budget Request

• Addressing the Deficit: Budgetary Implications of Selected GAO Work for Fiscal Year 1996 (Letter Report, 03/15/95, GAO/OCG-95-2)
• Navy Ships: Seawolf Cost Increases and Schedule Delays Continue (Briefing Report, 06/30/94, GAO/NSIAD-94-201BR)
• Navy Modernization: Alternatives for Achieving a More Affordable Force (Testimony, 04/26/94, GAO/T-NSIAD-94-171)
• Addressing the Deficit: Budgetary Implications of Selected GAO Work (Letter Report, 03/11/94, GAO/OCG-94-3)

• AMENDMENT NO. 1045 TO TERMINATE THE SEAWOLF (SSN-21) CLASS SUBMARINE PROGRAM Congressional Record NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEARS 1992 AND 1993 (Senate - August 02, 1991)
• THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN SUBMARINE PRODUCTION THE SSN21-`SEAWOLF' Mr. INOUYE - Congressional Record (Senate - April 30, 1992)
• THE THIRD `SEAWOLF' Mr. D'AMATO Congressional Record (Senate - March 18, 1993)
• SSN-23 Submarine Industrial Base Items Congressional Record (Senate - September 30, 1993)
• MR. GINGRICH IS RIGHT ON THE NEED TO BUILD THE `SEAWOLF' SUBMARINE STAN DECOSTER Congressional Record (Extension of Remarks - December 20, 1994)
• Electric Boat's construction contracts subside By Brett Davey
• Attack Submarine Programs Cindy Williams Congressional Budget Office May 16, 1995
• SUBMARINE SEAWOLF (SSN 21) TO BE CHRISTENED AT ELECTRIC BOAT June 20, 1995 -- Seawolf will be christened at 11:30 a.m., on Saturday, June 24, 1995, at the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut.
• The Seawolf Submarine -- CDI fact sheet, J. Andrew Byers, 31 July 1996.
• SECRETARY OF THE NAVY NAMES THIRD SEAWOLF-CLASS SUBMARINE FOR PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER April 8, 1998
• NAVY COMMISSIONS ATTACK SUBMARINE CONNECTICUT (SSN 22) Dec. 7, 1998
• NAVY CONFIRMS SECRET PLAN TO LENGTHEN HULL OF THIRD SEAWOLF SUBMARINE Inside the Navy 01 February 1999 -- The Navy has received almost $300 million from Congress for fiscal year 1999 to modify one of its newest nuclear attack submarines for "special operations," an alteration that could make it a one-of-a-kind successor to the service's secret spy submarine Parche.
• Homeport assignment for PCU Jimmy Carter (SSN 23) announced NAVY WIRE SERVICE (NWS) - March 9, 2000 – Jimmy Carter (SSN 23) will be assigned the homeport of Naval Submarine Base Bangor, Wash.

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