US ARMY

FIELD ARTILLERY SCHOOL

Gunnery Department

Fort Sill, Oklahoma

LESSON PLAN

REVIEW/APPROVAL: Name Date

INSTRUCTIONAL UNIT: Artillery Ammunition.

CRITICAL TASKS TAUGHT:

1-266--68 Recognize and identify complete rounds (Primer, Propellant, Projectile, and Fuze) of artillery ammunition and their appropriate handling procedures.

TYPE: Conference, demonstration, and practical exercise.

TIME ALLOTTED: 4 periods lecture

2 periods Hands-on/practical exercise

CLASS PRESENTED TO: FAOBC

TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS: GC2AA LP, FM 6-5, ST 6-5-19, Ovation, screen, ST 6-5-2, TM 43-1-28.

STUDENT ISSUE: SO-1, and HW-1.

PERSONNEL: Two primary instructors and one assistant instructor for lecture. One instructor per 1 students during PE.

TRAINING AIDS:

ROLLOUTS: 15mm and Copperhead.

DUMMY PROJECTILES: 155mm--DPICM, RAAMS, ADAM, HE, HC, WP, ILLUM, M825.

INERT FUZES: M557, M739A1, M563, M564, M565, M582, M577 (with spotting charge), M728, M732.

INERT PROPELLANTS:

15mm: Complete dummy HE round in fiber tube & 1 other fiber tube in shipping crate.

155mm: M3A1 w/canister, M4A2 w/canister, M119A1, M119A2, M23, M23A1.

FUZE WRENCHES/SETTERS: M18, M27, M34, M35

SUBMUNITIONS: APICM - M39, DPICM - M46 & M42, ADAM, RAAMS.

MISCELLANEOUS: HE fragmentation (Comp B and TNT), RAP fragmentation, long pointer, remote control for ovation, suppl charge demo, M82 & MK2A4 primers, eyebolt lifting plug, Ovation slides.

REFERENCES: FM 6-5, TM 43-1-28, ST 6-5-19,

ST 6-5-2.

STUDY ASSIGNMENT: FM 6-5, chapter 1; ST 6-5-19, chapter 3; and ST

6-5-2, chapter 7.

STUDENT UNIFORM AND EQUIPMENT:

Uniform-- Seasonal

Equipment-- None

TROOP REQUIREMENTS: None

TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS: None

ADVANCE ARRANGEMENTS: Ensure training aids are set up. Initially, 15mm rollaway has rounds set up with the non-cutaway portion facing the students. Semi-fixed and separate loading ammo are set-up IAW the below diagram. Ensure ovation is operational, and VIP table is set up in the rear of the room.

 

INSTRUCTOR NOTE: See classroom layout pg. 3.

** Training Aids Table: Place primers, propellants, fragmentation, bomblets and mines in the order of presentation.

** 155mm Projectiles/Canisters: Start on the far right of the CPH rollaway, and place the demos in the order they will be discussed, from right to left.

 

CONDUCT OF CLASS:

Attention, Need-to-Know, Objective.......................... 5 Min

Primers, Propellants, and Powder Burning.................... 55 Min

Break..................................................... 1 Min

Projectiles................................................. 5 Min

Break/Stretch out ........................................ 5 Min

Projectiles................................................. 35 Min Break..................................................... 1 Min

Fuzes....................................................... 5 Min

Summary/Homework.......................................... 1 Min

The Hands-on instruction consists of four stations with 1 min. of instructions at each station. Station one is hands-on with fuzes, station two is Ammo compatibility in XO’s HB, station three is two step deflection with howitzer and station four with DA Form 4513 (Bay 7).

RISK ASSESSMENT RATING APPROVAL:

REVIEWED BY DIVISION CHIEF DATE

REVIEWED BY THE FABSO DATE

 

(Slide #1) The Field Artillery has the proud reputation of being the number one casualty producer on the modern battlefield. This distinction has earned us the grand name of "The King of Battle". The Field Artillery is so powerful due to the wide variety of ammunition available for us to perform our mission.

(Slide #2) The mission of the Field Artillery is to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy by cannon, rocket, and missile fire and to help integrate all fire support assets into combined arms operations.

INSTRUCTOR NOTE: The mission statement is found in the FM 6-2, pg. 2-8. ALL GOOD ARTILLERYMEN (especially Gunnery Instructors) should have the mission statement memorized!!!

(Slide #3) Ammunition will not cause the desired effects on the target unless the proper shell/fuze combination is selected and assembled. It is necessary that all Field Artillery officers understand the different types of propellants, projectiles, fuzes, and their proper use, so that we can supervise our subordinates.

(Slide #4) Only through training and proper supervision can we maintain our casualty producing efficiency, thereby delivering the firepower at the decisive time and place on the battlefield. This class will teach you the basics of using artillery ammunition safely and properly.

2. (Slide #5) The four components of a complete round of artillery ammunition are: (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-1)

(Slide #6) Artillery ammunition can be classified in many ways. One classification is based on the manner in which the components are assembled for loading and firing. Complete rounds of artillery ammunition are known as either semi-fixed or separate loading. An M16 round is a type of FIXED ammunition (you cannot adjust the amount of propellant in the cartridge case).

(Slide #7) An explosive train is a designed arrangement of a series of explosives beginning with a small quantity of sensitive explosive and progressing through a relatively large quantity of comparatively insensitive, though powerful, explosive.

(Slide #8) There are two explosive trains in each conventional round of artillery ammunition: the PROPELLING CHARGE EXPLOSIVE TRAIN, and the PROJECTILE EXPLOSIVE TRAIN. The projectile reaches the target area by the power obtained from the propelling charge explosive train. The function of the projectile in the target area depends on the type of projectile explosive train. We will first discuss the propelling charge explosive train.

(Slide #9) An explosive train The propelling charge explosive train consists of the primer, ignite, and propellant. We will now discuss each of these components in greater detail, beginning with the primer.

(Slide #1) The propelling charge explosive train is initiated by the primer, which is a small amount of very sensitive explosive. The primer is very sensitive to shock, friction, spark, and heat, and must be kept protected and away from other ammunition components.

(Slide #11) In semi-fixed ammunition, the primer is located in the center of the base of the canister which holds the propellant.

(Slide #12) The M82 primer consists of a brass case, a base, and is sealed on the end with a wax substance. It is used on all 155mm except the M114A1/A2; The M114A1/A2 howitzer’s have been phased out of the U.S. inventory (-28 pg. 8-61)

(Slide #13) The MK2A4 primer consists of a brass case, a base, and is also sealed on the end with a wax substance. It is used only with the M114A1/A2 howitzer (-28 pg. 8-57)

(Slide #14) The MK2A4 primer will fit in all 155mm howitzers, but will not obtain a proper seat in the primer vent, and is a safety hazard. The MK2A4 is issued in the propellant canisters with older propellants (e.g. M3 green bag). Do not fire the MK2A4 primer except with the M114 series howitzer.

(Slide #15) The igniter provides hot flaming gases and particles to ignite the propelling charge. The igniter consists of black powder or Clean Burning Igniter (CBI). The igniter is very hygroscopic and subject to rapid deterioration on absorption of moisture. If kept dry, however, it retains its explosive properties indefinitely.

(Slide #16) The igniter for semi-fixed ammunition is an integral part of the primer. It consists of a perforated tube filled with black powder and is permanently mounted in the cartridge case.

(Slide #17) In separate loading ammunition, the igniter is in a circular red pancake shaped bag sewn to the base increment of the propellant.

(Slide #18) A propellant is a large amount of insensitive but powerful explosive that propels the projectile to the target.

(Slide #19) Powder grain forms (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-6). Strip grain is used with Mortars and cord is used with Engineer’s, and neither are used by the Field Artillery. As single-perforated grain burns the outer surface decreases and the inner surface increases. As a result, the interior diameter of the perforation can be controlled so that the total burning surface remains nearly constant until the powder grain has been consumed (This type of burning is called neutral burning.) As multi-perforated grain burns the total surface area increases because the perforated grain burns from the inside and outside at the same time, with the inside of the grains surface area increasing faster due to the 7 interior holes. (This type of burning is called progressive burning.)

(Slide #2) Semi-fixed ammunition propellant is generally issued with seven increments numbered 1 through 7, and connected by a thin acrylic cord. Each increment is a different size because each increment has a different premeasured amount of propellant. Increment 1 + 2 are single perforated and increments 3-7 are multi-perforated.

(Slide #21) M2: The M2 propellant is a single increment, charge 8 (4.25 LB of multi-perforated propellant). It is fired with the M119 howitzer only and can be fired with the M760 (TNT) filled projectile, as well as the M915 DPICM projectile.

(Slide #22) M176: The M176 propellant is 5 increments, charges 3-7. It was developed to be fired with the M548 RAP projectile. The M176 provides an "Low-End" charge for firing RAP.

(Slide #23) M229: The M229 propellant is the same propellant as the M2 propellant, but has a donut shaped flash reducer. It is fired with the M119 howitzer only and was developed to be fired with the M913 RAP projectile. The design of the flash reducer precludes nonignition of the rocket motor for RAP. The M229 provides an "High-End" charge for firing RAP.

(Slide #24) Green Bag, M3A1: Propellant is designed for firing charges 1 through 5. The propellant is fastened together with four cloth straps sewn to the base and hand tied on top of increment 5. The igniter pad (3.5 oz. CBI) is located on the base increment. The entire M3A1 propellant contains approximately 5.5 pounds of single perforated; neutral burning powder. There are flash reducers; containing potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate, that are sewn forward of charges 1 (2 oz. pad), 4 and 5 (1 oz. pad each) Explain that each increment varies in size and also explain the purpose and function of flash reducers. The flash reducers limit breech flare back, muzzle flash, and blast over-pressure.

(Slide #25) White Bag, M4A2: This propellant is designed for charges 3 through 7. Their basic configuration is the same as GB propellant. The M4A2 contains approximately 13 lbs. of multi-perforated, (Progressive burn) propellant. A flash reducer pad containing one ounce of potassium nitrate or potassium sulfate is sewn to the base increment. (-28 pg. 8-7)

(Slide #26) Charge 8WB, M119: This single increment, multiperforated, white bag charge with a perforated igniter core tube extending through the center of the propellant with a flash reducer sewn to the forward end. It can only be used in the long tube 155mm howitzers (M19A2-A6 series and the M198). STORE HORIZONTALLY due to the central, perforated igniter core tube. Cannot fire rocket assisted projectiles using M119 due to the design of the flash reducer.

(Slide #27) Charge 7RB, M119A2: It is a single increment 7 red bag charge for firing in 155mm howitzers that have the M185, and M199 cannon tubes. The forward end of the charge has a 3 ounce lead foil liner and four pockets sewn longitudinally to the circumference. Each of the four pockets contains 4 oz of potassium sulfate to act as a flash reducer. Charge 7RB can be used interchangeably with charge 8WB with a minor difference in muzzle velocity. The M119A2 was created to correspond with existing NATO firing tables. (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-7; -28 pg. 8-11)

(Slide #28) M23: Propellant is a zone 8S charge designed to provide extended range for the M198, M19A5/A6 howitzers. The M23 propellant charge is a single increment, red bag charge with a central igniter core extending through its entire length and a donut-shaped flash reducer at the forward end of the charge. The M23 is used only with the M549A1 (TNT loaded) RAP, and the M864 base burn projectiles. STORE HORIZONTALLY. (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-8;-28 pg. 8-13)

(Slide #29) M23A1: Propellant. Also a single increment base ignited charge. The outer casing is a solid combustible material. There is still an igniter pad at the base of the propellant, and it contains .7 ounces of black powder and 1. ounce of CBI. The propellant is not granules, but 28 pounds of slotted, stick propellant. The M23A1 charge is fired only with the M549A1 (TNT loaded), RAP, and M864 projectiles in the M198 and M19A5/A6 howitzers. The reasons for design of the M23A1 propelling charge are: 1) cooler burning, less flash, blast, and tube wear. 2) Casing form is more durable causing for less igniter core damage. 3) For automatic loading systems-allows fewer mechanical problems. (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-8;-28 pg. 8-15)

(Slide #3) Select burn site at least 2 feet from grass and loose debris as well as personnel and equipment (Follow Local range Regulations.)

(Slide #31) Have fire fighting equipment and extra water available to control fires.

(Slide #32) Determine the direction of the wind.

(Slide #33) Place charge increments in a single layer row not more than 1-increment high and 12 inches wide and arrange the row so that the powder will burn into the wind.

(Slide #34) Establish a powder train at least 15 feet long, perpendicular to, and at the downwind end of the row of increments. Light the train at the end farthest from the increments.

(Slide #35) Powder Burning

(Slide #36) Proper clean-up of powder burning area is essential to avoid ashes prom starting forest fires.

(Slide #37) Layout for Powder burning.

(Slide #39) The Projectile Explosive Train is designed to cause a projectile to perform its intended purpose upon reaching the target area. The three types are: (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-1)

(Slide #4) Types of Projectile Explosive Trains:

(Slide #41) PROJECTILE FAMILIES: To give the students a better understanding of the different types of projectiles, explain that projectiles are also categorized by family. A projectile family has ballistic similitude (the same characteristics). I.E. the same mass, external shape, surface finish, center of gravity, driving band (rotating band), and transverse and longitudinal moments of inertia. 15mm has two families; HE and RAP. 155mm has five families; HE, RAP, ICM (New head of ICM family will be M795 HE projectile after fielding begins in FY98), COPPERHEAD, and BASE BURN DPICM.

(Slide #42) HE, M1: Filler is TNT or Composition B. (-28 pg. 3-9)

(Slide #43) HE, M76: This projectile is only certified for firing from the M119 howitzer. M76 achieves the same results as the M1. It is loaded with 4.6 pounds of TNT. Shipped with the M2 propelling charge. Composition B is not used because it is to sensitive. (-28 pg. 3-73)

(Slide #44) HE, M17: Filled with TNT or Composition B. (-28 pg. 3-77)

(Slide #45) Most He projectiles issued for use with proximity VT fuzes are standard projectiles with deep fuze cavities to accommodate the longer VT fuze. Each of these projectiles is issued with a supplementary charge so that the projectile may be used with an impact, a mechanical time or a long intrusion (VT) fuze. The supplementary charge is removed only when the projectile is used with a long intrusion VT fuze. It must be in place when the projectile is used with a mechanical time fuze, impact fuze, or short intrusion fuze. Remove the supplementary charge by the lifting loop only.

(Slide #46) HE M795: (-28 pg. 3-155)

(Slide #47) HERA, M548: Currently, fired from M119 cannon only (Used to be fired from M12 before it was phased out). Produced in limited quantity and is found in war time reserve. The canister contains the M176 propellant, charges 3 through 7. Charge 7 can be fired in the rocket on or off mode (There are TFTs for both on and off for selected charges); charges 3 through 5 are authorized for the rocket off mode in a combat emergency only. (-28 pg. 3-61)

(Slide #48) M913: Fired from the M119 cannon and other upgraded 15mm howitzers only. The M913 uses the M229 (charge 8) maximum propelling charge coupled with a modern rocket motor designed to survive a high "g’ and high spin environment to obtain a 7% increase in range over the M1. The rocket motor functions approximately 15.5 seconds after leaving the tube (maximizing range extension). With rocket-on, the M913 provides a maximum range of over 19.5 km (M119 QE limitations with charge 8 keep Max Rg at 19.5 km). The High fragmentation steel body provides an 8% increase in lethality over the older M1 Cartridge. The warhead contains 2.63 kg of TNT explosive fill. The M913 is currently in production and initial operational capability will be in 2QFY97.

(Slide #49) HERA, M549A1: The earlier models (M549) were filled with Comp B. The M549A1 is filled with TNT. Composition B is unstable when fired with higher charges. When fired from an M198 or M19A5/A6, RAP achieves a range of 3 Km. The propellant gases ignite the delay, which burns for 7 seconds and then sets off the rocket motor for approx. 3 seconds. The M549 projectile is only fired in the rocket-on mode. The M549 cannot be fired with the M23 propelling charge due to the unstable Composition B. (-28 pg. 3-119)

(Slides 5-53) Copperhead, M712:

(Slide #54) Smoke, WP, M6 series: WP provides a quick smoke buildup for a relatively short duration (approx. 1 min). WP burns on contact with air, producing a dense white cloud of smoke. (-28 pg. 3-15)

(Slide #55) Smoke WP, M11 series: WP provides a quick smoke buildup for a relatively short duration (approx. 9 sec). (-28 pg. 3-85)

(Slide #56) WP effects slide: air burst and ground burst.

(Slides 57-58) APERS, M546: Designed for use against personnel under direct fire situations. Contains 8,, 8 grain flechettes. It is made of aluminum and must be protected from damage to the skin of the projectile. Uses ONLY the M563 fuze! Shipped with M563 fuze, set for muzzle action. It uses dye to mark the direct fire engagement area and is the only projectile that expels its payload forward.

(Slide #59) Smoke, HC, M84: There are 3 smoke canisters that are ejected above the smoke screen aimpoint. The smoke canister burns for 4-9 seconds and, depending on the weather, can provide a screen up to three minutes. Smoke is available in white, red, yellow, and green. (-28 pg. 3-25)

(Slide #6) Smoke, HC, M116 series: If colored smoke, the color is indicated by a series of 3 C's in the color of the smoke. The 155mm projectile contains 4 smoke canisters. Provides up to four minutes of screening. This projectile is no longer in production. (-28 pg. 3-93)

(Slide #61) M314A3: Burns for 1 min at 45, candle power, descends @ 1m/second. Illuminates a 8m diameter circle. Ideal burn height for 15mm illum is at 75 meters above the surface. (-28 pg. 3-37)

(Slide #62) M485 series: Burns for 2 min at 1,, candle power, descends @ 5m/second. Illuminates a 1 Km2 area. Ideal burn height for 155mm illum is at 6 meters above the surface.(-28 pg. 3-115)

(Slide #63) APICM, M444: Delivers 18 (6 layers of 3 grenades) M39 antipersonnel grenades. Upon impact, the submunitions eject a grenade upward which detonates 4 to 6 feet above the ground. (-28 pg. 3-53; ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-16)

(Slide #64) M39 Submunition: The M39 is an airburst munition which is expelled from the projectile body in flight. The two vanes extend in flight to properly orient the munition and are held open by the air stream and striker plate guide rods. This action extends the striker plate and aligns the firing pin, so when the grenade impacts, the firing pin is driven into the primer which initiates the ejection charge. The ejection charge initiates the delay detonator and propels the steel ball upward to 4-6 feet above the surface. For a detailed discussion on functioning refer to the -28 pg. 8-49. This submunition has been nicknamed the "Bouncing Betty."

(Slide #65) APICM, M449 Series: Delivers 6 (1 layers of 6 grenades), M43A1 antipersonnel grenades. The grenades are different from the 15mm, but function similarly. (-28 pg. 3-19)

(Slide #66) M43A1 Submunition: The M43A1 is an airburst munition which is expelled from the projectile body in flight. After the two vanes are extended, the firing pin retracts permitting the munition to arm. When the grenade impacts with the surface the ejection charge is initiated and steel ball is propelled upward 4-6 feet above the surface. For a detailed discussion on functioning refer to the -28 pg. 8-53. This submunition has also been nicknamed the "Bouncing Betty."

(Slide #67) DPICM, M915/M916: The M915/M916 projectiles were designed to provide the light infantry divisions with an extended range capability and enhanced lethal effectiveness against both personnel and material targets. The M915 projectile will be fired with the M2 propellant (High-End charge; same as M229 propellant, but without doughnut shaped flash reducer) with the M119A1 howitzer only. The M916 will be fired with the M67 propellant (Low-End charge) and is capable of being fired with all U.S. 15mm howitzer’s to a range of 1.5 km. Both projectiles will use 42 XM8 grenades that have a self destruct device. The XM8 submunition will self destruct within 4 minutes and will provide greater flexibility for peace time training, as well as increased flexibility to maneuver commander’s. Firing tables were made for both projectiles in April of 1997. Initial operational capability will be in FY98.

(Slide #68) XM8 Submunition: The XM8 submunition has an embossed fragmentation pattern to increase fragmentation. It uses a trumpet shaped charge similar to the M42/46 submunitions. It also has an XM234 self-destruct fuze that will cause the submunition to self destruct to reduce hazardous duds on the battlefield. Self-destruct function is 3 minutes +/- 1 minute from impact. The dud rate objective is not more than 1:1. The XM8 is scheduled to be re-designated as the M8 (non-experimental/type classified) in August, 1997.

(Slide #69) DPICM, M483A1: Delivers 88 dual purpose anti-material and anti-personnel grenades - the M42 (quantity 64/projo) and M46 (quantity 24/projo). The M46s are located at the base of the projectile and are heavier/thicker and have a smooth interior surface that enables it to withstand the shock of firing and set back. The M42 grenades are scored for greater fragmentation and are place to the front of the M46 grenades. The submissions have a shaped charge warhead that penetrates 2.75 inches of homogeneous armor. Antipersonnel effects are obtained by fragmentation of the submissions body. This projectile introduces a different family of projectiles, the ICM Family. The ICM family is approximately 3 1/2 inches longer and has a standard square weight of 13.5 lbs. This projectile has a self-registration mode with projectile spotting charge M125. The M577 fuze is the only authorized fuze. (-28 pg. 3-111)

(Slides 7-71) Area Denial Artillery Munitions (ADAM), M692-L and M731-S: They deliver 36 antipersonnel mines that are spread by centrifugal force after ejection from the rear of the projectile. Once settled on the ground, arming takes place, and 7 trip wires, each 2 feet long, are deployed. If disturbed, a grenade is propelled upward detonating 2 to 8 feet above the ground projecting 6 1.5-grain steel fragments in all directions. In this triangle is the code (L or S) for the self-destruct time of the mines. REMEMBER: The self-destruct times are pre-set and unchangeable. Mines begin to self-destruct at 8% of laid life. (4 X .8 = 3 hours, 12 min) If projectile is coded "S" the self-destruct time is 4 hours; with an "L" the time is 48 hours. 100% of the mines self destruct by the 4 or 48 hour mark as appropriate. Regardless how the mines land (right side up or up-side down) a liquid propellant accumulates at the base (Accumulation time is approximately 2 minutes, thus arming time is 2 minutes) to detonate the shape charge and propel it upward. 2% of ADAM mines are equipped with an anti-disturbance device. ADAM is not authorized to fire with the M23 propelling charge and has a planning module size of 4 X 4. (-28 pg. 3-127,143)

(Slides 72-73) Remote Anti-Armor Mine (RAAM), M741A1-S and M718A1L: They deliver 9 antitank mines to delay access to a particular area for a specific time period. 2 of the mines are equipped with an anti-disturbance device. The time period is found on the projectile as an S or L in the yellow triangles (same times as for ADAM). The mines sense the magnetic signature of the vehicle as it passes over the mine. Just after the signature peaks, the mine detonates. Some mines have anti-disturbance mechanisms that discourage hand removal of the minefields (2 in each projectile). Neither the ADAM nor RAAM are certified to be fired with the M23/A1 Super Charges; both use only the M577 fuze. If the mines are upside down or angled at more than 3 degrees the effects may be reduced from a lethality kill to a mobility kill. Normal planning area for a low angle standard minefield is 2 by 2 and for high angle is 4 X 4. (-28 pg. 3-139,151)

(Slides 74-75) Smoke WP, M825/M825A1: The projectile dispenses 116 WP impregnated felt wedges. It is used to produce screening smoke for 5 to 1 min duration. The concentration of smoke is thicker and longer lasting then normal HC/WP. Build up time is also quicker than HC. Upon fuze function, felt wedges are expelled from a thin walled cannister. 1 milliseconds after expulsion, the bursting tube functions, rupturing the steel canister, exposing the wedges to air and they begin to burn. Uses the M577 fuze. Don't fire if projectile has been exposed to temperatures of 11° or greater (applies to the M825 projectile only). Above 11° the WP in M825 projectiles (manufactured Jan 85-May 86) can liquify and cause instability in flight/short rounds. The M825A1 projectile contains an improved payload and a new base to correct the M825 flight instability. (-28 pg. 3-165)

11. (Slides 78) PARTS OF A PROJECTILE: (FM 6-5 pg. 1-1)

(Slides 8) Example: Proper storage area

(Slides 82) The purpose of the fuze is to initiate the projectile explosive train. Artillery fuzes are classified according to their methods of functioning. There are three types.

(Slides 83) M557 point detonating fuze is a selective super-quick or .5 second delay impact fuze. The M557 fuze is placed on Bursting Charge & Bursting Tube type projectiles (HE, HERA, M84 Practice, and WP M11). Should not be used during HEAVY rain (note firing pin location). (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-21; -28 pg. 7-73)

(Slides 84) Delay Switch

(Slides 85) M18 Fuze Wrench: Show the M18 Fuze Wrench and how the screwdriver tip is used to set the fuze for delay. Also point out that this is the fuze wrench used to seat all fuzes.

(Slides 86) The M739/A1 point detonating fuze is a selective super-quick or .5 second delay impact fuze. It has a rain insensitive sleeve that allows firing in heavy rain with reduced probability of premature functioning. The assembly in the nose section of the fuze consists of 5 crossbars which break up raindrops and thus reduce fuze initiation sensitivity. The M739 fuze is placed on Bursting Charge & Tube type projectiles (HE, HERA, M84 practice, and M11 WP) with the M18 fuze wrench. Chromatic (M739) or anodized green (M739A1) in color. The M739A1 has a cocked striker assembly that presents an extreme hazard to EOD personnel (-28 pg. 7-87)

(Slides 87) The M563 mechanical time (MT) fuze is used to function with the 15mm APERS projectiles ONLY. The fuze is shipped set on muzzle action, (1/2 second), and fuze settings are set using the M34 fuze setter. (-28 pg. 7-17)

(Slides 88) The M564 mechanical time/super-quick (MTSQ) fuze is used when a choice between time and super-quick action is desired. Time settings can be achieved between 2 and 1 seconds. For super-quick action, all fuzes dated prior to January 197 - must be set for 9. seconds, while fuzes dated from January 197 on should be set on "S". The M564 fuze is compatible with HE, Practice, and WP projectiles. Set the desired fuze setting with the M34 fuze setter. Bursting Charge & Tube. (-28 pg. 7-33)

(Slides 89) M34 Fuze Setter. Used to set the proper time on the M563, M564, and M565. Set the desired fuze setting with the M34 fuze setter. (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-26)

(Slides 9) The M565 is a mechanical time fuze only and is mated to a number of base ejecting projectiles when a super-quick point detonating backup is not a requirement. The M565 fuze is placed on the base ejection Illumination, HC Smoke, and APICM projectiles with the M18 fuze wrench. Expelling Charge. (-28 pg. 7-19)

(Slides 91) Vernier Scale; Discuss in detail how to set a fuze setting using the vernier scale. (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-26)

(Slides 92) Vernier Scale

(Slides 93) The M577 mechanical time and super-quick fuze is used with projectiles carrying payloads that are expelled during flight. The fuze contains a timing mechanism that may be set to function from 2 to 2 seconds in increments of tenths of a second. Three digital rotating dials indicate the time setting. The fuze is used with ADAM, RAAMS, Illumination, APICM, DPICM, M825 WP, and HC Smoke projectiles with the M18 fuze wrench. The time is set counter-clockwise using the M35 fuze

(Slides 94) M35 Fuze Setter: The M35 Fuze Setter is used to set the time on the M577 and M582 fuzes. The time is set counter-clockwise with the fuze setter. (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-3)

(Slides 95) The M582 mechanical time and super-quick fuze (MTSQ) is the same fuze as the M577 except for the addition of a booster. The fuze contains a mechanical clockwork timing mechanism that may be set to function at any time from 2 to 2 seconds. The fuze is placed on HE and Smoke (WP) and is the only authorized MTSQ fuze for RAP. The M18 fuze wrench is utilized to secure the fuze. The fuze is shipped on _ 93.5 to _ 95.5 and set on _ 98. for super quick action. Bursting charge/tube explosive trains. The M582 has a superquick back-up; the fuze must impact within 3 seconds prior to the set fuze setting or the fuze may not function. (-28 pg. pg. 3-3)

(Slides 96) The M728 proximity fuze is an airburst fuze used against ground targets. The fuze contains a radar (Radio wave transmission) which begins measuring its height above the ground approximately 3 to 5.5 seconds prior to the set fuze setting. When any part of the radio wave is reflected to the fuze from the target, an interaction or doppler signal occurs between the reflected transmitted wave. When the doppler signal reaches a predetermined amplitude, an electronic switch activates the explosive train at 7 meters above the target. If the proximity mode does not function, the projectile will be detonated on impact by the PD backup element. Since the fuze setting only effects the arming time, settings are set only for whole second increments (with the M27 fuze setter). Fuze M728 is a long intrusion fuze which requires the removal of the supplementary charge before placing the fuze on the projectile. The PD setting is 9. and the fuze is shipped on 1.. It has a glass ampule that contains electrolyte that may break when dropped. Used on Bursting Charge explosive trains. (-28 pg. 7-121)

(Slides 97) Show M27 fuze setter and set a fuze. Reinforce that settings are to the whole second. (ST 6-5-19 pg. 3-34)

(Slides 98) The M732/A2 proximity fuze is a short intrusion VT fuze which does not require the removal of the supplementary charge when placed on HE projectiles. The fuze is also compatible with the M84 practice round. Warning: If the VT fuze is accidentally dropped, the electrolyte battery may break. Since battery life is so short, the fuze will probably not function as an airburst. Shipped on PD index mark and has a PD backup. Has a copper electrolyte ampule to increase reliability of fuze if dropped. Used on Bursting Charge explosive trains. The M732 was not able to keep pace with the growth in the severity of the ballistic environment. This caused some lots of M732 to be un-reliable due to in-bore resetting caused by the spin environment. The M732A2 fuze was designed as an improvement over the M732 fuze for compatibility with RAP projectiles, top zone ballistic environments, and more consistent height of burst. (-28 pg. 7-123,125)

(Slides 99) M762/M767 Electronic Time Fuzes - The M762 is used with 15mm and 155mm firing expelling charge explosive train projectiles. The fuze contains an electronic time system that may be set to function from .5 to 199.9 seconds. The time can be hand set so there is no need for fuze setters with this fuze. When set for PD, the fuze is armed at .45 seconds in flight. The M767 is similar to the M762, but has a booster charge. It is used with fragmentation (HE loaded) and burster type 15mm and 155 projectiles.

(Slides 1) M119 howitzer firing.